Liquid metal-based soft, hermetic, and wireless-communicable seals for stretchable systems

Qingchen Shen, Modi Jiang, Ruitong Wang, Kexian Song, Man Hou Vong, Woojin Jung, Febby Krisnadi, Ruyu Kan, Feiyu Zheng, Benwei Fu, Peng Tao, Chengyi Song, Guoming Weng, Bo Peng, Jun Wang, Wen Shang, Michael D Dickey, Tao Deng (2023) Science

Compositional Design of Surface Oxides in Gallium–Indium Alloys

Zachary J Farrell, Alan R Jacob, Vi Khanh Truong, Aaron Elbourne, Wilson Kong, Lilian Hsiao, Michael D Dickey, Christopher Tabor (2023) Chemistry of Materials

Flexible-to-Stretchable Mechanical and Electrical Interconnects

Steven Erlenbach, Kunal Mondal, Jinwoo Ma, Taylor V Neumann, Siyuan Ma, James D Holbery, Michael D Dickey (2023) ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

Breathable Encapsulated Liquid Metal Foam‐Based Soft Stress Sensor

Jin Xu, Zhimin Wang, Xinxin Wang, Yali Wu, Ruizhe Xing, Tingting Yu, Yang Li, Jinping Ao, Yebo Tao, Bowen Bai, Michael D Dickey, Dongguang Zhang, Jiayi Yang (2023) Advanced Materials Technologies

Intrinsically stretchable ionoelastomer junction logic gate synchronously deformable with liquid metal

Seung Won Lee, Jihye Jang, Yeonji Kim, Seokyeong Lee, Kyuho Lee, Hyowon Han, Hyeokjung Lee, Jin Woo Oh, Hoyeon Kim, Taebin Kim, Michael D Dickey, Cheolmin Park (2022) Applied Physics Reviews

Stretchable Liquid Metal Films with High Surface Area and Strain Invariant Resistance

Veenasri Vallem, Vidushi Aggarwal, Michael D Dickey (2022) Advanced Materials Technologies

Tough Ionogels: Synthesis, Toughening Mechanisms, and Mechanical Properties─ A Perspective

Meixiang Wang, Jian Hu, Michael D Dickey (2022) JACS Au

Segregated and Non‐Settling Liquid Metal Elastomer via Jamming of Elastomeric Particles

Xiaoting Xue, Dongguang Zhang, Yali Wu, Ruizhe Xing, Hong Li, Tingting Yu, Bowen Bai, Yebo Tao, Michael D Dickey, Jiayi Yang (2022) Advanced Functional Materials

Mechanism of Oil-in-Liquid Metal Emulsion Formation

Najam Ul Hassan Shah, Shreyas Kanetkar, Aastha Uppal, Michael D Dickey, Robert Y Wang, Konrad Rykaczewski (2022) Langmuir

A Soft Wearable Microfluidic Patch with Finger-Actuated Pumps and Valves for On-Demand, Longitudinal, and Multianalyte Sweat Sensing

Navya Mishra, Nate T Garland, Krystyn A Hewett, Mohammad Shamsi, Michael D Dickey, Amay J Bandodkar (2022) ACS sensors

Laser-Induced Graphene from SU-8 Photoresist: Toward Functional Micromolding

Adam L Bachmann, Alan L Ferris, Sooik Im, Michael D Dickey, Nathan Lazarus (2022) ACS Applied Engineering Materials

Enhancement of Pressure‐Sensitive Adhesive by CO₂ Laser Treatment

Yegor Piskarev, Etienne Desbouis, Vivek Ramachandran, Jiayi Yang, Neil Baugh, Jun Shintake, Michael D Dickey, Dario Floreano (2022) Advanced Engineering Materials

Reprogrammable Self-Folding Thermoplastic Sheets Using Elastic Filaments

Duncan Davis, Russell Mailen, Elton Luong, Alan Russell, Michael D Dickey, Jan Genzer (2022) ACS Applied Engineering Materials

Shaping A Soft Future: Patterning Liquid Metals

Jinwoo Ma, Febby Krisnadi, Man Hou Vong, Minsik Kong, Omar M Awartani, Michael D Dickey (2022) Advanced Materials

Imbibition-induced selective wetting of liquid metal

Ji-Hye Kim, Sooyoung Kim, Hyeonjin Kim, Sanghyuk Wooh, Jiung Cho, Michael D Dickey, Ju-Hee So, Hyung-Jun Koo (2022) Nature Communications

Liquid-Metal-Coated Magnetic Particles toward Writable, Nonwettable, Stretchable Circuit Boards, and Directly Assembled Liquid Metal-Elastomer Conductors

Seoyeon Kim, Sihyun Kim, Kyeongmin Hong, Michael D Dickey, Sungjune Park (2022) ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

Scalable and reconfigurable green electronic textiles with personalized comfort management

Wei Gong, Yang Guo, Weifeng Yang, Zhihua Wu, Ruizhe Xing, Jin Liu, Wei Wei, Jie Zhou, Yinben Guo, Kerui Li, Chengyi Hou, Yaogang Li, Qinghong Zhang, Michael D Dickey, Hongzhi Wang (2022) ACS nano

A Superconducting‐Material‐Based Maglev Generator Used for Outer‐Space

Zheng Ma, Qi Wang, Zhenhua Wu, Dezhi Chen, Chunze Yan, Yusheng Shi, Michael D Dickey, Bin Su (2022) Advanced Materials

Wireless wearable electrochemical sensing platform with zero-power osmotic sweat extraction for continuous lactate monitoring

Tamoghna Saha, Tanner Songkakul, Charles T Knisely, Murat A Yokus, Michael A Daniele, Michael D Dickey, Alper Bozkurt, Orlin D Velev (2022) ACS sensors

A bottom-up approach to generate isotropic liquid metal network in polymer-enabled 3D thermal management

Shen Chen, Wenkui Xing, Han Wang, Weizheng Cheng, Zhihui Lei, Feiyu Zheng, Peng Tao, Wen Shang, Benwei Fu, Chengyi Song, Michael D Dickey, Tao Deng (2022) Chemical Engineering Journal

Healable, Recyclable, and Multifunctional Soft Electronics Based on Biopolymer Hydrogel and Patterned Liquid Metal

Xing Peng Hao, Chuan Wei Zhang, Xin Ning Zhang, Li Xin Hou, Jian Hu, Michael D Dickey, Qiang Zheng, Zi Liang Wu (2022) Small

Skin‐Inspired Capacitive Stress Sensor with Large Dynamic Range via Bilayer Liquid Metal Elastomers

Jiayi Yang, Ki Yoon Kwon, Shreyas Kanetkar, Ruizhe Xing, Praneshnandan Nithyanandam, Yang Li, Woojin Jung, Wei Gong, Mary Tuman, Qingchen Shen, Meixiang Wang, Tushar Ghosh, Kony Chatterjee, Xinxin Wang, Dongguang Zhang, Tae‐il Kim, Vi Khanh Truong, Michael D Dickey (2022) Advanced Materials Technologies

Liquid Metal Interdigitated Capacitive Strain Sensor with Normal Stress Insensitivity

Dongguang Zhang, Jie Zhang, Yali Wu, Xiaoyan Xiong, Jiayi Yang, Michael D Dickey (2022) Advanced Intelligent Systems

Self-Folding PCB Kirigami: Rapid Prototyping of 3D Electronics via Laser Cutting and Forming

Adam L Bachmann, Brendan Hanrahan, Michael D Dickey, Nathan Lazarus (2022) ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

Synthesis of Liquid Gallium@ Reduced Graphene Oxide Core–Shell Nanoparticles with Enhanced Photoacoustic and Photothermal Performance

Yingyue Zhang, Zhenzhen Guo, Hanrui Zhu, Wenkui Xing, Peng Tao, Wen Shang, Benwei Fu, Chengyi Song, Yuan Hong, Michael D Dickey, Tao Deng (2022) Journal of the American Chemical Society

Deposition of silicate coatings on poly (ethylene terephthalate) for improved scratch and solvent resistance

Gilbert A Castillo, Michael D Dickey, Christopher B Gorman, Jan Genzer, Kirill Efimenko (2022) Journal of Applied Polymer Science

Tough and stretchable ionogels by in situ phase separation

Meixiang Wang, Pengyao Zhang, Mohammad Shamsi, Jacob L Thelen, Wen Qian, Vi Khanh Truong, Jinwoo Ma, Jian Hu, Michael D Dickey (2022) Nature Materials

Interactions between liquid metal droplets and bacterial, fungal, and mammalian cells

Samuel Cheeseman, Aaron Elbourne, Sheeana Gangadoo, ZL Shaw, Saffron J Bryant, Nitu Syed, Michael D Dickey, Michael J Higgins, Krasimir Vasilev, Chris F McConville, Andrew J Christofferson, Russell J Crawford, Torben Daeneke, James Chapman, Vi Khanh Truong (2022) Advanced Materials Interfaces

Noncontact rotation, levitation, and acceleration of flowing liquid metal wires

Yahua He, Jianbo Tang, Kourosh Kalantar-Zadeh, Michael D Dickey, Xiaolin Wang (2022) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Soft electrochemical bubble actuator with liquid metal electrode using an embodied hydrogel pneumatic source

Veenasri Vallem, Erin Roosa, Tyler Ledinh, Sahar Rashid Nadimi, Abolfazl Kiani, Michael D Dickey (2022) Soft Matter

Applications of liquid metals in nanotechnology

Francois-Marie Allioux, Mohammad B Ghasemian, Wanjie Xie, Anthony P O’Mullane, Torben Daeneke, Michael D Dickey, Kourosh Kalantar-Zadeh (2022) Nanoscale Horizons

Liquid‐Metal‐Enabled Mechanical‐Energy‐Induced CO₂ Conversion

Junma Tang, Jianbo Tang, Mohannad Mayyas, Mohammad B Ghasemian, Jing Sun, Md Arifur Rahim, Jiong Yang, Jialuo Han, Douglas J Lawes, Rouhollah Jalili, Torben Daeneke, Maricruz G Saborio, Zhenbang Cao, Claudia A Echeverria, Francois‐Marie Allioux, Ali Zavabeti, Jessica Hamilton, Valerie Mitchell, Anthony P O’Mullane, Richard B Kaner, Dorna Esrafilzadeh, Michael D Dickey, Kourosh Kalantar‐Zadeh (2022) Advanced Materials

2021

Counterpropagating gradients of antibacterial and antifouling polymer brushes

Yeongun Ko, Vi Khanh Truong, Sun Young Woo, Michael D Dickey, Lilian Hsiao, Jan Genzer (2021) Biomacromolecules

Osmotically enabled wearable patch for sweat harvesting and lactate quantification

Tamoghna Saha, Jennifer Fang, Sneha Mukherjee, Charles T Knisely, Michael D Dickey, Orlin D Velev (2021), Micromachines

A Liquid Metal Artificial Muscle

Jian Shu, Du‐An Ge, Erlong Wang, Hongtai Ren, Tim Cole, Shi‐Yang Tang, Xiangpeng Li, Xiangbo Zhou, Rongjie Li, Hu Jin, Weihua Li, Michael D Dickey, Shiwu Zhang (2021), Advanced Materials

Liquid Metal Hybrid Composites with High-Sensitivity and Large Dynamic Range Enabled by Micro-and Macrostructure Engineering

G Yun, SY Tang, H Lu, T Cole, S Sun, J Shu, J Zheng, Q Zhang, S Zhang, MD Dickey, W Li (2021), ACS Applied Polymer Materials

Liquid Metal Composites with Enhanced Thermal Conductivity and Stability Using Molecular Thermal Linker

Han Wang, Wenkui Xing, Shen Chen, Chengyi Song, Michael D Dickey, Tao Deng (2021), Advanced Materials

Are Contact Angle Measurements Useful for Oxide-Coated Liquid Metals?

ID Joshipura, KA Persson, VK Truong, J Oh, M Kong, MH Vong, C Ni, M Alsafatwi, DP Parekh, H Zhao, MD Dickey (2021), Langmuir

A Soft Variable‐Area Electrical‐Double‐Layer Energy Harvester

V Vallem, E Roosa, T Ledinh, WJung, T Kim, S Rashid‐Nadimi, A Kiani, MD Dickey (2021), Advanced Materials

Reversible Underwater Adhesion for Soft Robotic Feet by Leveraging Electrochemically Tunable Liquid Metal Interfaces

HLu, G Yun, T Cole, Y Ouyang, H Ren, J Shu, Y Zhang, S Zhang, MD Dickey, W Li, S Tang (2021), ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

Dynamic control of reflective/diffusive optical surfaces on EGaIn liquid metal

K Nakakubo, H Yoshioka, K Morita, R Ishimatsu, A Kiani, H Hallen, MD Dickey, Y Oki (2021), Optical Materials Express

Stretchable and Soft Electroadhesion Using Liquid‐Metal Subsurface Microelectrodes

S Park, J Shintake, E Piskarev, Y Wei, I Joshipura, E Frey, T Neumann, D Floreano, MD Dickey (2021), Advanced Materials Technologies

Antipathogenic properties and applications of low-dimensional materials

ZL Shaw, S Kuriakose, S Cheeseman, MD Dickey, J Genzer, AJ Christofferson, RJ Crawford, CF McConville, J Chapman, VK Truong, A Elbourne, S Walia (2021), Nature Communications

Soft and Stretchable Liquid Metal Composites with Shape Memory and Healable Conductivity

P Bhuyan, Y Wei, D Sin, J Yu, C Nah, K Jeong, MD Dickey, S Park (2021) ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

A Review of Liquid Metal Embrittlement: Cracking Open the Disparate Mechanisms

JE Norkett, MD Dickey, VM Miller (2021), Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A

Elastic Multifunctional Liquid–Metal Fibers for Harvesting Mechanical and Electromagnetic Energy and as Self‐Powered Sensors

Y-C Lai, H‐W Lu, H‐M Wu, D Zhang, J Yang, J Ma, M Shamsi, V Vallem, MD Dickey (2021), Advanced Energy Materials

Flexible thermoelectric generator with liquid metal interconnects and low thermal conductivity silicone filler

VP Ramesh, Y Sargolzaeiaval, TV Neumann, V Misra, D Vashaee, MD Dickey, MC Ozturk (2021), npj Flexible Electronics

Wicking–Polarization‐Induced Water Cluster Size Effect on Triboelectric Evaporation Textiles

W Gong, X Wang, W Yang, J Zhou, X Han, MD Dickey, Y Su, C Hou, Y Li, Q Zhang, H Wa (2021), Advanced Materials

Surface Modification of Gallium‐Based Liquid Metals: Mechanisms and Applications in Biomedical Sensors and Soft Actuators

K Kwon, VK Truong, F Krisnadi, S Im, J Ma, N Mehrabian, T-I Kim, MD Dickey (2021), Advanced Intelligent Systems

Jumping liquid metal droplets controlled electrochemically

M Song, N Mehrabian, S Karuturi, MD Dickey (2021), Applied Physics Letters

Liquid Metal-Triggered Assembly of Phenolic Nanocoatings with Antioxidant and Antibacterial Properties

F Centurion, R Namivandi-Zangeneh, N Flores, M Tajik, S Merhebi, R Abbasi, M Mayyas, F-M Allioux, J Tang, WA Donald, C Boyer, MD Dickey, K Kalantar-Zadeh, MA Rahim (2021), ACS Applied Nano Materials

Wearable Osmotic-Capillary Patch for Prolonged Sweat Harvesting and Sensing

T Saha, J Fang, S Mukherjee, MD Dickey, OD Velev (2021), ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

Aerosol Spray Deposition of Liquid Metal and Elastomer Coatings for Rapid Processing of Stretchable Electronics

TV Neumann, B Kara, Y Sargolzaeiaval, S Im, J Ma, J Yang, MC Ozturk, MD Dickey (2021), Micromachines

Energy Harvesting and Storage with Soft and Stretchable Materials

V Vallem, Y Sargolzaeiaval, M Ozturk, Y‐C Lai, MD Dickey (2021), Advanced Materials

Liquid metal motor

E Wang, J Shu, H Jin, Z Tao, J Xie, S-Y Tang, X Li, W Li, MD Dickey, S Zhang (2021), Iscience

Stiff or Extensible in Seconds: Light‐Induced Corrugations in Thin Polymer Sheets

AM Hubbard, JK Patel, S Wagner, C Chang, J Genzer, MD Dickey (2021), Advanced Materials Technologies

2020

Making Light Work of Metal Bending: Laser Forming in Rapid Prototyping

AL Bachmann, MD Dickey, N Lazarus (2020), Quantum Beam Science

Liquid-Solid Mixtures of Ga Metal Infused with Cu Microparticles and Nanoparticles for Microscale and Nanoscale Patterning of Solid Metals at Room Temperature

DP Parekh, CM Fancher, MG Mohammed, TV Neumann, D Saini, J Guerrier, C Ladd, E Hubbard, JL Jones, MD Dickey (2020), ACS Applied Nano Materials

Metallophobic Coatings to Enable Shape Reconfigurable Liquid Metal Inside 3D Printed Plastics

J Ma, VT Bharambe, KA Persson, AL Bachmann, ID Joshipura, J Kim, K Oh, JF Patrick, JJ Adams, MD Dickey (2020), ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

Liquid Metal Composites with Anisotropic and Unconventional Piezoconductivity

G Yun, SY Tang, Q Zhao, Y Zhang, H Lu, D Yuan, S Sun, L Deng, MD Dickey, W Li (2020), Matter

Overcoming Rayleigh–Plateau instabilities: Stabilizing and destabilizing liquid-metal streams via electrochemical oxidation

M Song, K Kartawira, KD Hillaire, C Li, CB Eaker, A Kiani, KE Daniels, MD Dickey (2020), Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS)

Lighter and Stronger: Cofabricated Electrodes and Variable Stiffness Elements in Dielectric Actuators

E Piskarev, J Shintake, V Ramachandran, N Baugh, MD Dickey, D Floreano (2020), Advanced Intelligent Systems

Ultrasoft Liquid Metal Elastomer Foams with Positive and Negative Piezopermittivity for Tactile Sensing

J Yang, D Tang, J Ao, T Ghosh, TV Neumann, D Zhang, E Piskarev, T Yu, VK Truong, K Xie, Y‐C Lai, Y Li, MD Dickey (2020), Advanced Functional Materials

Direct-write Printing of a Self-Encapsulating Liquid Metal-Silicone Composite

TV Neumann, E Facchine, B Leonardo, S Khan, MD Dickey (2020), Soft Matter

Directed Assembly of Liquid Metal–Elastomer Conductors for Stretchable and Self‐Healing Electronics

F Krisnadi, LL Nguyen, Ankit, J Ma, MR Kulkarni, N Mathews, MD Dickey (2020), Advanced Materials

Liquid Metal Direct Write and 3D Printing: A Review

TV Neumann, MD Dickey (2020), Advanced Materials Technologies

Attributes, Fabrication, and Applications of Gallium‐Based Liquid Metal Particles

Y Lin, J Genzer, MD Dickey (2020), Advanced Science

Oxide-mediated mechanisms of gallium foam generation and stabilization during shear mixing in air

W Kong, NUH Shah, TV Neumann, MH Vong, P Kotagama, MD Dickey, RY Wang, K Rykaczewski (2020), Soft Matter

Application of a Laser Cutter to Pattern Wrinkles on Polymer Films

K Mondal, Y Liu, T Shay, J Genzer, MD Dickey (2020), ACS Applied Polymer Materials

Principles of long-term fluids handling in paper-based wearables with capillary–evaporative transport

T Shay, T Saha, MD Dickey, OD Velev (2020), Biomicrofluidics

Soft, Stretchable, and Pneumatically-Triggered Thermochromic Optical Filter with Embedded Phosphorescence

Y Jin, N Baugh, Y Lin, M Ge, MD Dickey (2020), ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

Effect of surface interactions on the settlement of particles on a sinusoidally corrugated substrate

S Erramilli, TV Neumann, D Chester, MD Dickey, AC Brown, J Genzer (2020), RSC Advances

Flexible thermoelectric generators for body heat harvesting – Enhanced device performance using high thermal conductivity elastomer encapsulation on liquid metal interconnects

Y Sargolzaeiaval, VP Ramesh, TV Neumann, Veena Misra, D Vashaee, MD Dickey, MC Öztürk (2020), Applied Energy

Polymeric encapsulation of liquids via plasma surface polymerization

F Rezaei, MD Dickey, PJ Hauser (2020), Journal of Applied Polymer Science

Antibacterial Liquid Metals: Biofilm Treatment via Magnetic Activation 

A Elbourne, S Cheeseman, P Atkin, NP Truong, N Syed, A Zavabeti, M Mohiuddin, D Esrafilzadeh, D Cozzolino, CF McConville, MD Dickey, RJ Crawford, K Kalantar-Zadeh, J Chapman, T Daeneke, VK Truong (2020), ACS Nano

Investigation of biasing conditions and energy dissipation in electrochemically controlled capillarity liquid metal electronics

M Wang, WT Lei, J Dong, MD Dickey, JJ Adams (2020), Electronics Letters

2019

Liquid Metal Nanoparticles as Initiators for Radical Polymerization of Vinyl Monomers

J Ma, Y Lin, Y Kim, Y Ko, J Kim, KH Oh, J Sun, CB. Gorman, MA Voinov, AI Smirnov, J Genzer, MD Dickey (2019), ACS Macro Letters

Materials tactile logic via innervated soft thermochromic elastomers

Y Jin, Y Lin, A Kiani, ID Joshipura, M Ge, MD Dickey (2019), Nature Communications

Ultrastretchable Elastic Shape Memory Fibers with Electrical Conductivity

S Park, N Baugh, HK Shah, DP Parekh, ID Joshipura, MD Dickey (2019), Advanced Science, 1901579

Hydrogel/Elastomer Laminates Bonded via Fabric Interphases for Stimuli-Responsive Actuators

AM Hubbard, W Cui, Y Huang, R Takahashi, MD Dickey, J Genzer, DR King, JP Gong (2019), Matter

Rapid Open‐Air Digital Light 3D Printing of Thermoplastic Polymer

S Deng, J Wu, MD Dickey, Q Zhao, T Xie (2019), Advanced Materials, 1903970

Interfacial Rheology of Gallium-based Liquid Metals

AR Jacob, D Parekh, MD Dickey, L Hsiao (2019), Langmuir

Shear‐Driven Direct‐Write Printing of Room‐Temperature Gallium‐Based Liquid Metal Alloys

A Cook, DP Parekh, C Ladd, G Kotwal, L Panich, M Durstock, MD Dickey, CE Tabor (2019), Advanced Engineering Materials

Self‐Folding Metal Origami: A Review

N Lazarus, GL Smith, MD Dickey (2019), Advanced Intelligent Systems

Emergence of Liquid Metals in Nanotechnology

K Kalantar-Zadeh, J Tang, T Daeneke, AP O’Mullane, LA Stewart, J Liu, C Majidi, RS Ruoff, PS Weiss, MD Dickey (2019), ACS Nano

Corrosion resistant coating based on thiol-ene polymeric system

F Rezaei, MD Dickey, PJ Hauser (2019), Progress in Organic Coatings, 133, 350

Self-healing materials for soft-matter machines and electronics

MD Bartlett, MD Dickey, C Majidi (2019), NPG Asia Materials, 11 (1), 21

Phase Separation in Liquid Metal Nanoparticles

SY Tang, DRG Mitchell, Q Zhao, D Yuan, G Yun, Y Zhang, R Qiao, Y Lin, MD Dickey, W Li (2019), Matter

Shrink Films Get a Grip

AM Hubbard, E Luong, A Ratanaphruks, RW Mailen, J Genzer, MD Dickey (2019), ACS Applied Polymer Materials

Room‐Temperature Liquid Metals as Functional Liquids

M Song, MD Dickey (2019), Functional Organic Liquids, 251

UV plasmonic properties of colloidal liquid-metal eutectic gallium-indium alloy nanoparticles

P Reineck, Y Lin, BC Gibson, MD Dickey, AD Greentree, IS Maksymov (2019), Scientific Reports, 9 (1), 5345

Liquid metal-filled magnetorheological elastomer with positive piezoconductivity

G Yun, SY Tang, S Sun, D Yuan, Q Zhao, L Deng, S Yan, H Du, MD Dickey, W Li (2019), Nature Communications, 10 (1), 1300

Room temperature CO2 reduction to solid carbon species on liquid metals featuring atomically thin ceria interfaces

D Esrafilzadeh, A Zavabeti, R Jalili, P Atkin, J Choi, BJ Carey, R Brkljača, AP O’Mullane, MD Dickey, DL Officer, DR MacFarlane, T Daeneke, K Kalantar-Zadeh (2019), Nature Communications, 10 (1), 865

Toughening stretchable fibers via serial fracturing of a metallic core

CB Cooper, ID Joshipura, DP Parekh, J Norkett, R Mailen, VM Miller, J Genzer, MD Dickey (2019), Science Advances, 5 (2), eaat4600

Functional Liquid Metal Nanoparticles Produced by Liquid‐Based Nebulization

SY Tang, R Qiao, Y Lin, Y Li, Q Zhao, D Yuan, G Yun, J Guo, MD Dickey, TJ Huang, TP Davis, K Kalantar‐Zadeh, W Li (2019), Advanced Materials Technologies, 4 (2), 1800420

Thermo-mechanical transformation of shape memory polymers from initially flat discs to bowls and saddles

RW Mailen, CH Wagner, RS Bang, M Zikry, MD Dickey, J Genzer (2019), Smart Mater. Structure 28, 4

2018

Shape memory polymers for self‐folding via compression of thermoplastic sheets

AM Hubbard, DS Davis, MD Dickey, J Genzer (2018), Journal of Applied Polymer Science 135 (47), 46889

Patterning and Reversible Actuation of Liquid Gallium Alloys by Preventing Adhesion on Rough Surfaces

ID Joshipura, HR Ayers, GA Castillo, C Ladd, CE Tabor, JJ Adams, MD Dickey (2018), ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 10 (51), 44686-44695

Superhydrophobic/oleophobic coatings based on a catalyst driven thiol‐epoxy‐acrylate ternary system

F Rezaei, JN Talley, MD Dickey, PJ Hauser (2018), Journal of Applied Polymer Science 135 (45), 46710

In vitro electrochemical assessment of electrodes for neurostimulation in roach biobots

T Latif, M McKnight, MD Dickey, A Bozkurt (2018), PloS one 13 (10), e0203880

Electrically reconfigurable terahertz signal processing devices using liquid metal components

KS Reichel, N Lozada-Smith, ID Joshipura, J Ma, R Shrestha, R Mendis, MD Dickey, DM Mittleman (2018), Nature Communications, 9 (1), 4202

Mechanochromic stretchable electronics

3D Printed Coaxial Transmission Line Using Low Loss Dielectric and Liquid Metal Conductor

Patterned Liquid Metal Contacts for Printed Carbon Nanotube Transistors

JB Andrews, K Mondal, T Neumann, JA Cardenas, J Wang, DP Parekh, Y Lin, P Ballentine, MD Dickey, AD Franklin (2018), ACS Nano, 12 (6), 5482

Light‐Induced Buckles Localized by Polymeric Inks Printed on Bilayer Films

S Park, U Nallainathan, K Mondal, P Sen, MD Dickey (2018), Small, 14 (20), 1704460

Liquid-Metal-Filled 3-D Antenna Array Structure With an Integrated Feeding Network

V Bharambe, DP Parekh, C Ladd, K Moussa, MD Dickey, JJ Adams (2018) IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 17 (5), 739-742

Silicones for Stretchable and Durable Soft Devices: Beyond Sylgard-184

S Park, K Mondal, RM Treadway III, V Kumar, S Ma, JD Holbery, MD Dickey (2018) ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 10 (13), 11261-11268

Sonication-enabled rapid production of stable liquid metal nanoparticles grafted with poly (1-octadecene-alt-maleic anhydride) in aqueous solutions

Y Lin, J Genzer, W Li, R Qiao, MD Dickey, SY Tang (2018), Nanoscale, 10 (42), 19871

Soft electrodes combining hydrogel and liquid metal

T Shay, OD Velev, MD Dickey (2018) Lab on a Chip, Soft Matter 14 (17), 3296-3303

2017

Field‐Controlled Electrical Switch with Liquid Metal
J Wissman, MD Dickey, C Majidi (2017) Advanced Science 4 (12), 1700169

Effects of thermo-mechanical behavior and hinge geometry on folding response of shape memory polymer sheets
RW Mailen, MD Dickey, J Genzer, M Zikry (2017) Journal of Applied Physics 122 (19), 195103

Oxidation-Mediated Fingering in Liquid Metals

CB Eaker, DC Hight, JD O’Regan, MD Dickey, KE Daniels, (2017) Physics Review Letter, 119, 174502

Field-Controlled Electrical Switch with Liquid Metal

J Wissman, MD Dickey, C Majidi, (2017) Advanced Science, 4(12), 1700169 

Vacuum filling of complex microchannels with liquid metal

Y Lin, O Gordon, MR Khan, N Vasquez, J Genzer, MD Dickey, (2017) Lab on a Chip, 17(18), 3043

Flexible thermoelectric generator using bulk legs and liquid metal interconnects for wearable electronics

F Suarez, DP Parekh, C Ladd, D Vashaee, MD Dickey, MC Öztürk (2017), Applied Energy. 202, 736

A fully coupled thermo‐viscoelastic finite element model for self‐folding shape memory polymer sheets

RW Mailen, MD Dickey, J Genzer, MA Zikry (2017), Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 55 (16), 1207

Stretchable Capacitive Sensors of Torsion, Strain, and Touch Using Double Helix Liquid Metal Fibers

CB Cooper, K Arutselvan, Y Liu, D Armstrong, Y Lin, MR Khan, J Genzer, MD Dickey (2017) Advanced Functional Materials, 20, 1605630

Controllable curvature from planar polymer sheets in response to light

AM Hubbard, RW Mailen, MA Zikry, MD Dickey, J Genzer (2017), Soft Matter, 13, 2299

Sequential Self-folding of Polymer Sheets

 Y Liu, B Shaw, MD Dickey, J Genzer (2017), Science Advances, 3(3), e1602417

Wafer-scale two-dimensional semiconductors from printed oxide skin of liquid metals

BJ Carey, JZ Ou, RM Clark, KJ Berean, A Zavabeti, ASR Chesman, SP. Russo, DWM Lau, ZQ Xu, Q Bao,  O Kavehei, BC Gibson, MD Dickey, RB Kaner, T Daeneke, K Kalantar-Zadeh (2017), Nature Communications, 8, 14482

Liquid Metal Enabled Microfluidics (Tutorial Review)

K Khoshmanesh, S Tang, J Zhu, S Schaefer, A Mitchell, K  Kalantar-Zadeha, MD Dickey (2017), Lab on a Chip, 17(6), 974

Shape-transformable Liquid Metal Nanoparticles in Aqueous Solution

Y Lin, L Liu, J Genzer, MD Dickey (2017), Chemical Science, 8(5), 3832

Enhanced endosomal escape by light-fueled liquid-metal transformer

Y Lu, Y Lin, Z Chen, Q Hu, Y Liu, S Yu, W Gao, MD Dickey, Z Gu (2017), Nano letters 17 (4), 2138

CB Eaker, ID Joshipura, LR Maxwell, J Heikenfeld, MD Dickey (2017), Lab on a Chip, 17(6), 1069

Hydrogel-enabled osmotic pumping for microfluidics: towards wearable human-device interfaces

T Shay, MD Dickey, OD Velev, Lab on a Chip 17 (4), 710.

Electrowetting-actuated liquid metal for RF applications

AV Diebold, AM Watson, S Holcomb, C Tabor, D Mast, MD Dickey, J Heikenfeld, Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, 27(2), 025010.

Surface modification of PET film via a large area atmospheric pressure plasma: An optical analysis of the plasma and surface characterization of the polymer film

F Rezaei, MD Dickey, M Bourham, P Hauser, Surface and Coatings Technology 309, 371.

2016

3D printing of liquid metals as fugitive inks for fabrication of 3D microfluidic channels

DP Parekh, C Ladd, L Panich, K Moussa, MD Dickey, Lab on a Chip, 16(10), 1812.

Self-folding of thick polymer sheets using gradients of heat

Duncan Davis, Bin Chen, Michael D Dickey, Jan Genzer, Journal of Mechanisms and Robotics, 8(3), 031014

Localized Instabilities of Liquid Metal Films via In‐Plane Recapillarity

Mohammad Rashed Khan, John Bell, Michael D Dickey, Advanced Materials Interfaces 3(23), 1600546.

Amidation of polyesters is slow in nonaqueous solvents: efficient amidation of poly (ethylene terephthalate) with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane in water for generating multifunctional surfaces

GA Castillo, L Wilson, K Efimenko, MD Dickey, CB Gorman, J Genzer, ACS applied materials & interfaces, 8(51), 35641.

Liquid metal actuation by electrical control of interfacial tension

CB Eaker, MD Dickey, (2016), Applied Physics Reviews, 3(3), 031103

Morales, D., Stoute, N. A., Yu, Z. Y., Aspnes, D. E., & Dickey, M. D. (2016).  Applied Physics Letters, 109(9).

Lin, Y., Ladd, C., Wang, S., Martin, A., Genzer, J., Khan, S. A., Dickey, M. D., (2016). Extreme Mech. Lett. 7, 55–63.

Morales, D., Podolsky, I., Mailen, R. W., Shay, T., Dickey, M. D., & Velev, O. D. (2016). Micromachines, 7(6).

Morales, D., Bharti, B., Dickey, M. D., & Velev, O. D. (2016). Small, 12(17), 2283-2290.

Kang, S. H., & Dickey, M. D. (2016). MRS Bulletin, 41(2), 93-98.

Tang, S. Y., Joshipura, I. D., Lin, Y. L., Kalantar-Zadeh, K., Mitchell, A., Khoshmanesh, K., & Dickey, M. D. (2016).  Advanced Materials, 28(4), 604-609.

Liu, Y., Genzer, J., & Dickey, M. D. (2016). Progress in Polymer Science, 52, 79-106.

Mishra, S. R., Dickey, M. D., Velev, O. D., & Tracy, J. B. (2016). Nanoscale, 8(3), 1309-1313.

2015

Wang, M., Khan, M. R., Trlica, C., Dickey, M. D., & Adams, J. J. (2015). In 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation & usnc/ursi national radio science meeting. (IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium) (pp. 2223-2224).

Lin, Y. L., Cooper, C., Wang, M., Adams, J. J., Genzer, J., & Dickey, M. D. (2015). Small, 11(48), 6397-6403.

Zhao, J. J., Nunn, W. T., Lemaire, P. C., Lin, Y. L., Dickey, M. D., Oldham, C. J., Walls, H. J., Peterson, G. W., Losego, M. D., & Parsons, G. N. (2015). Journal of the American Chemical Society, 137(43), 13756-13759.

Mohammed, M., Sundaresan, R., & Dickey, M. D. (2015). ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 7(41), 23163-23171.

Mailen, R. W., Liu, Y., Dickey, M. D., Zikry, M., & Genzer, J. (2015). Soft Matter, 11(39), 7827-7834.

Cumby, B. L., Mast, D. B., Tabor, C. E., Dickey, M. D., & Heikenfeld, J. (2015). . IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 63(10), 3122-3130.

Tang, S. Y., Lin, Y. L., Joshipura, I. D., Khoshmanesh, K., & Dickey, M. D. (2015). Lab on a Chip, 15(19), 3905-3911.

Joshipura, I. D., Ayers, H. R., Majidi, C., & Dickey, M. D. (2015). Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 3(16), 3834-3841.

Eaker, C. B., & Dickey, M. D. (2015). In Micro- and nanotechnology sensors, systems, and applications vii. (Proceedings of SPIE-the International Society for Optical Engineering, 9467).

Wang, M., Trlica, C., Khan, M. R., Dickey, M. D., & Adams, J. J. (2015). Journal of Applied Physics, 117(19).

Khan, M. R., Trlica, C., Dickey, M. D. (2015). Advanced Functional Materials, 25(5), 671-678.

2014

Cumby, B., Heikenfeld, J., Tabor, C., Mast, D., & Dickey, M. (2014).  In 2014 ieee antennas and propagation society international symposium (apsursi). (IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, ) (pp. 553-554).

Mohammed, M. G., Xenakis, A., & Dickey, M. D. (2014). Metals, 4(4), 465-476.

Khan, M. R., Trlica, C., So, J. H., Valeri, M., & Dickey, M. D. (2014). ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 6(24), 22467-22473.

Allensworth, J. R., Liu, Y., Braun, H., Genzer, J., & Dickey, M. D. (2014). Polymer, 55(23), 5948-5952.

Dickey, M. D. (2014). ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 6(21), 18369-18379.

Hayes, G. J., Liu, Y., Genzer, J., Lazzi, G., & Dickey, M. D. (2014). IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 62(10), 5416-5419.

Trlica, C., Parekh, D. P., Panich, L., Ladd, C., & Dickey, M. D. (2014).  In Micro- and nanotechnology sensors, systems, and applications VI. (Proceedings of SPIE-the International Society for Optical Engineering, 9083).

Khan, M. R., Eaker, C. B., Bowden, E. F., & Dickey, M. D. (2014). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 111(39), 14047-14051.

Nypelo, T., Rodriguez-Abreu, C., Rivas, J., Dickey, M. D., & Rojas, O. J. (2014). Cellulose, 21(4), 2557-2566.

Liu, Y., Miskiewicz, M., Escuti, M. J., Genzer, J., & Dickey, M. D. (2014). Journal of Applied Physics, 115(20).

Liu, Y., Mailen, R., Zhu, Y., Dickey, M. D., & Genzer, J. (2014). Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics, 89(4).

Hayes, G. J., Desai, S. C., Liu, Y. Y., Annamaa, P., Lazzi, G., & Dickey, M. D. (2014). Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 56(6), 1459-1462.

Qusba, A., RamRakhyani, A. K., So, J. H., Hayes, G. J., Dickey, M. D., & Lazzi, G. (2014). IEEE Sensors Journal, 14(4), 1074-1080.

Morales, D., Palleau, E., Dickey, M. D., & Velev, O. D. (2014). Soft Matter, 10(9), 1337-1348.

2013

Ladd, C., So, J. H., Muth, J., & Dickey, M. D. (2013). Advanced Materials, 25(36), 5081-5085.

Mays, R. L., Dickey, M. D., & Genzer, J. (2013). Lab on a Chip, 13(22), 4317-4320.

Mineart, K. P., Lin, Y., Desai, S. C., Krishnan, A. S., Spontak, R. J., & Dickey, M. D. (2013). Soft Matter, 9, 7695-7700

Palleau, E., Morales, D., Dickey, M. D., & Velev, O. D. (2013). Nature Communications, 4.

Zhu, S., So, J. H., Mays, R., Desai, S., Barnes, W. R., Pourdeyhimi, B., & Dickey, M. D. (2013). Advanced Functional Materials, 23(18), 2308-2314.

Palleau, E., Reece, S., Desai, S. C., Smith, M. E., & Dickey, M. D. (2013). Advanced Materials, 25(11), 1589-1592.

Mohammed, M. G., & Dickey, M. D. (2013). Sensors and Actuators. A, Physical, 193, 246-250.

Mays, R. L., Pourhossein, P., Savithri, D., Genzer, J., Chiechi, R. C., & Dickey, M. D. (2013). Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 1(1), 121-130.

2012

Cumby, B. L., Hayes, G. J., Dickey, M. D., Justice, R. S., Tabor, C. E., & Heikenfeld, J. C. (2012). Applied Physics Letters, 101(17).

Thelen, J., Dickey, M. D., & Ward, T. (2012). Lab on a Chip, 12(20), 3961-3967.

Richards, A. L., Dickey, M. D., Kennedy, A. S., & Buckner, G. D. (2012). Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, 22(11).

Wang, Q. M., Niu, X. F., Pei, Q. B., Dickey, M. D., & Zhao, X. H. (2012). Applied Physics Letters, 101(14).

Hayes, G. J., So, J. H., Qusba, A., Dickey, M. D., & Lazzi, G. (2012). IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 60(5), 2151-2156.

So, J. H., Koo, H. J., Dickey, M. D., & Velev, O. D. (2012). Advanced Functional Materials, 22(3), 625-631.

Liu, Y., Boyles, J. K., Genzer, J., & Dickey, M. D. (2012). Soft Matter, 8(6), 1764-1769.

2011

Koo, H. J., So, J. H., Dickey, M. D., & Velev, O. D. (2011). Advanced Materials, 23(31), 3559-3564.

Khan, M. R., Hayes, G. J., So, J. H., Lazzi, G., & Dickey, M. D. (2011). Applied Physics Letters, 99(1).

Dickey, M. (2011). Trac-Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 30(4), VII-VII.

So, J. H., & Dickey, M. D. (2011). Lab on a Chip, 11(5), 905-911.

2010

Dickey, M. D., Russell, K. J., Lipomi, D. J., Narayanamurti, V., & Whitesides, G. M. (2010). Small (Weinheim An Der Bergstrasse, Germany), 6(18), 2050-2057.

Reches, M., Mirica, K. A., Dasgupta, R., Dickey, M. D., Butte, M. J., & Whitesides, G. M. (2010). ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2(6), 1722-1728.

Siegel, A. C., Phillips, S. T., Dickey, M. D., Lu, N. S., Suo, Z. G., & Whitesides, G. M. (2010). Advanced Functional Materials, 20(1), 28-35.

Siegel, A. C., Tang, S. K. Y., Nijhuis, C. A., Hashimoto, M., Phillips, S. T., Dickey, M. D., & Whitesides, G. M. (2010). Accounts of Chemical Research, 43(4), 518-528.

Nijhuis, C. A., Reus, W. F., Barber, J. R., Dickey, M. D., & Whitesides, G. M.. (2010). Nano Letters, 10(9), 3611-3619.

Elhadj, S., Rioux, R. M., Dickey, M. D., DeYoreo, J. J., & Whitesides, G. M. (2010). Nano Letters, 10(10), 4140-4145.

2009

Smythe, E. J., Dickey, M. D., Whitesides, G. M., & Capasso, F. (2009). ACS Nano, 3(1), 59-65.

Smythe, E. J., Dickey, M. D., Bao, J. M., Whitesides, G. M., & Capasso, F. (2009). Nano Letters, 9(3), 1132-1138.

Larsen, R. J., Dickey, M. D., Whitesides, G. M., & Weitz, D. A. (2009). Journal of Rheology (New York, N.Y.), 53(6), 1305-1326.

Thomas, S. W., Vella, S. J., Dickey, M. D., Kaufman, G. K., & Whitesides, G. M. (2009). Journal of the American Chemical Society, 131(25), 8746-+.

So, J. H., Thelen, J., Qusba, A., Hayes, G. J., Lazzi, G., & Dickey, M. D. (2009). Advanced Functional Materials, 19(22), 3632-3637.

2008

Lipomi, D. J., Chiechi, R. C., Dickey, M. D., & Whitesides, G. M. (2008). Nano Letters, 8(7), 2100-2105.

Dickey, M. D., Lipomi, D. J., Bracher, P. J., & Whitesides, G. M. (2008). Nano Letters, 8(12), 4568-4573.

Dickey, M. D., Chiechi, R. C., Larsen, R. J., Weiss, E. A., Weitz, D. A., & Whitesides, G. M. (2008). Advanced Functional Materials, 18(7), 1097-1104.

Xu, Q. B., Rioux, R. M., Dickey, M. D., & Whitesides, G. M. (2008). Accounts of Chemical Research, 41(12), 1566-1577.

Ferri, V., Elbing, M., Pace, G., Dickey, M. D., Zharnikov, M., Samori, P., Mayor, M., & Rampi, M. A. (2008). Angewandte Chemie [International Edition in English], 47(18), 3407-3409.

Chiechi, R. C., Weiss, E. A., Dickey, M. D., & Whitesides, G. M. (2008). Angewandte Chemie [International Edition in English], 47(1), 142-144.

Dickey, M. D., Raines, A., Collister, E., Bonnecaze, R. T., Sreenivasan, S. V., & Willson, C. G. (2008). Journal of Materials Science, 43(1), 117-122.

Dickey, M. D., Weiss, E. A., Smythe, E. J., Chiechi, R. C., Capasso, F., & Whitesides, G. M.. (2008). ACS Nano, 2(4), 800-808.

2004-2007

Lee, S., Carmichael, P., Meiring, J., Dickey, M., Grayson, S., Bonnecaze, R. T., & Wilson, C. G. (2007). (Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, 102).

Tsiartas, P. C., Dickey, M. D., Allrich, K. E., & Willson, C. G. (2006). (Proceedings of SPIE-the International Society for Optical Engineering, 6151 2) (pp. 61513G/1-61513G/7).

Dickey, M. D., & Willson, C. G. (2006). AIChE Journal, 52(2), 777-784.

Dickey, M. D., Collister, E., Raines, A., Tsiartas, P., Holcombe, T., Sreenivasan, S. V., Bonnecaze, R. T., & Willson, C. G. (2006). Chemistry of Materials, 18(8), 2043-2049.

Dickey, M. D., Gupta, S., Leach, K. A., Collister, E., Willson, C. G., & Russell, T. P. (2006). Langmuir, 22(9), 4315-4318.

Dickey, M. D., Stewart, M. D., Willson, C. G., & Dickey, D. A. (2006). Journal of Chemical Education, 83(1), 110-113.

Leach, K.A., Gupta, S., Dickey, M.D., Wilson, C.G., & Russell, T.P. (2005). Chaos (Woodbury, N.Y.), 15(4), 047506.

Stewart, M. D., Wetzel, J. T., Schmid, G. M., Palmieri, F., Thompson, E., Kim, E. K., Wang, D., Sotodeh, K., Jen, K., Johnson, S. C., Hao, J. J., Dickey, M. D., Nishimura, Y., Laine, R. M., Resnick, D. J., & Willson, C. G. (2005). In Proceedings of the society of photo-optical instrumentation engineers. (Proceedings of SPIE-the International Society for Optical Engineering, 5751) (pp. 210-218).

Kim, E. K., Stewart, M. D., Wu, K., Palmieri, F. L., Dickey, M. D., Ekerdt, J. G., & Willson, C. G. (2005). (Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology. B, Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures, 23 6) (pp. 2967-2971).

Johnson, S., Burns, R., Kim, E. K., Dickey, M., Schmid, G., Meiring, J., Burns, S., Willson, C. G., Convey, D., Wei, Y., Fejes, P., Gehoski, K., Mancini, D., Nordquist, K., Dauksher, W. J., & Resnick, D. J. (2005). Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology. B, Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures, 23(6), 2553-2556.

Dickey, M. D., Burns, R. L., Kim, E. K., Johnson, S. C., Stacey, N. A., & Willson, C. G. (2005). AIChE Journal, 51(9), 2547-2555.

Johnson, S., Burns, R., Kim, E. K., Schmid, G., Dickey, M., Meiring, J., Burns, S., Stacey, N., Willson, C. G., Convey, D., Wei, Y., Fejes, P., Gehoski, K., Mancini, D., Nordquist, K., Dauksher, W. J., & Resnick, D. J. (2004). Journal of Photopolymer Science and Technology, 17(3), 417-419.

Dickey, M. D., & Willson, C. G. (2004). (Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society, 227) (pp. U471-U471).

Burns, R. L., Johnson, S. C., Schmid, G. M., Kim, E. K., Dickey, M. D., Meiring, J., Burns, S. D., Stacey, N. A., Willson, C. G., Convey, D., Wei, Y., Fejes, P., Gehoski, K., Mancini, D., Nordquist, K., Dauksher, W. J., & Resnick, D. J. (2004). In Proceedings of the society of photo-optical instrumentation engineers. (Proceedings of SPIE-the International Society for Optical Engineering, 5374) (pp. 348-360).

Yan, X. H., Liu, G. J., Dickey, M., & Willson, C. G. (2004). Polymer, 45(25), 8469-8474.

Kim, E. K., Stacey, N. A., Smith, B. J., Dickey, M. D., Johnson, S. C., Trinque, B. C., & Willson, C. G. (2004). (Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology. B, Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures, 22 1) (pp. 131-135).

Johnson, S. C., Bailey, T. C., Dickey, M. D., Smith, B. J., Kim, E. K., Jamieson, A. T., Stacey, N. A., Ekerdt, J. G., & Willson, C. G. (2003). In Proceedings of the society of photo-optical instrumentation engineers. (Proceedings of SPIE-the International Society for Optical Engineering, 5037) (pp. 197-202).